> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://www.mlcompendium.com/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://www.mlcompendium.com/ai-engineering/intro.md).

# Introduction

## AI Engineering

The model is now a service, and the service has to be built, deployed, and monitored. After this chapter the reader can place feature stores, experiment tracking, deployment, and monitoring on the path from a trained model to a running system, and feature stores continue [Data Processing](/data/processing-intro.md), where raw values were scaled, transformed, imputed, and annotated into the shape a learner expects.

## Ops

The pages above are about the method: what it is and how it works. The pages in this half are about how you build, ship, govern, and run the system.

That work splits into five groups. [MLOps](/ai-engineering/mlops-intro.md) is the gap between ML in a notebook and ML in production. [DataOps](/data/engineering-intro/sql.md) starts from asking a warehouse a question in SQL. [DevOps](/ai-engineering/devops-strategy.md) opens with the strategy that keeps delivery speed from stalling. [DevSecOps](/ai-engineering/tbd.md) puts security inside the delivery loop, not after it. [Architecture](/ai-engineering/problems.md) begins with the signs that a system which looks distributed still behaves like one monolith.

A makeover of these pages was done, and [How it was done](https://github.com/orico/www.mlcompendium.com/tree/main/appendix/ops-makeover.md) records the process.

### Model platform

The model platform comes first, because everything else in this half serves a model that has to run. [Definitions](/ai-engineering/definitions.md) separates the Ops names that get mixed: DataOps, MLOps, GitOps, DevOps, and DevSecOps. [MLOps Intro](/ai-engineering/mlops-intro.md) lays out the building blocks and reading list for getting from notebook to production. [MLOps Patterns](/ai-engineering/mlops.md) collects the shapes production ML keeps repeating, then two end-to-end systems that use them. [MLOps Teams](/ai-engineering/mlops-teams.md) asks who owns that work: machine learning engineers, or a separate MLOps role.

With the owners named, the pages follow the model's path. [Feature Stores & Feature Pipelines](/ai-engineering/feature-stores-and-feature-pipelines.md) is the pipeline that builds features and the store that serves the same features to training and serving. [ML Experiment Management](/ai-engineering/experiment-management.md) keeps track of runs that multiply faster than anyone can remember them. [Model Formats](/ai-engineering/model-formats.md) is how a trained model leaves the notebook in a form another application can read. [MLOps Deployment](/ai-engineering/mlops-deployment.md) puts that model somewhere that can serve it. [MLOps Tools](/ai-engineering/full-stack-and-ops.md) walks the many tools of the stack, from CI and Docker to Kubeflow, workflow runners, and serving. [ML Model Monitoring & Alerts](/ai-engineering/mlops-monitoring-and-alerts.md) keeps a shipped model from going blind. [AI As Data](/ai-engineering/ai-as-data.md) treats models as AI tables you query with SQL, and [ML Architecture](/ai-engineering/ml-architecture.md) closes the group with end-to-end architecture examples.

### Architecture and security

Once the model runs, the system around it has to scale, stay software, and stay secure. [System Design](/ai-engineering/system-design.md) is system design interviews, scalability reading, and practice for a service that has to scale. [Development Concepts](/ai-engineering/development-concepts.md) is design patterns, dependency injection, and SOLID, because ML code still has to be software. [Problems](/ai-engineering/problems.md) lists the coupling symptoms of a distributed monolith. On the security side, [DevSecOps Definitions](/ai-engineering/tbd.md) gives three definitions of DevSecOps, [DevSecOps Tools](/ai-engineering/tools.md) points at Atlassian's list of the toolchain, and [DevSecOps Concepts](/ai-engineering/concepts.md) is the simplified information-security vocabulary to have clear before the tools.

### DevOps

The last group is the delivery machinery that every service above depends on. [DevOps Strategy](/ai-engineering/devops-strategy.md) points at eight strategies and how to put them in place, and [DevOps Tools](/ai-engineering/full-stack-and-ops-1.md) is the section that holds the tools. [Tutorials](/ai-engineering/full-stack-and-ops-1/tutorials.md) are two end-to-end walkthroughs: A/B serving, and a training-and-serving stack. [Continuous Integration](/ai-engineering/full-stack-and-ops-1/continuous-integration.md) is how code lands continuously. [Docker](/ai-engineering/full-stack-and-ops-1/docker.md) makes a data-science environment run the same way everywhere, and [Kubernetes](/ai-engineering/full-stack-and-ops-1/kubernetes.md) orchestrates those containers. [Cloud Objects](/ai-engineering/full-stack-and-ops-1/cloud-objects.md) compares AWS Lambda with Fargate for serverless compute. [Key Value DB](/ai-engineering/full-stack-and-ops-1/key-value-db.md) covers RabbitMQ, ActiveMQ, Kafka, ksqlDB, and ZooKeeper for the messages and state services pass. [API Gateway](/ai-engineering/full-stack-and-ops-1/api-gateway.md) is the single front door for services. [Infrastructure As code](/ai-engineering/full-stack-and-ops-1/infrastructure-as-code.md) turns cloud resources into code with Terraform. [Logs](/ai-engineering/full-stack-and-ops-1/logs.md) is the trail production systems leave, [ELK](/ai-engineering/full-stack-and-ops-1/elk.md) is the stack to search and visualize it, and [SLO](/ai-engineering/full-stack-and-ops-1/slo.md) turns uptime promises into measurable objectives with Sloth.


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